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α-Keratin is classified by the formation of an α-helix motif approximately 35 residues long, which is organized hierarchically into dimers, protofilaments, protofibrils, and intermediate filaments (Chou and Buehler 2012). The primary α-helix associates with another α-helix in antiparallel, forming a coiled-coil dimer stabilized by ionic interactions of the relatively high proportion of cystine residues. The coiled-coil scaffold allows for inter-rope packing, or filament formation (Parry et al. 1977). More current, atomistic models of the structure further explain the mechanical properties based on the proposed geometric association of the coiled-coil monomers (Chou and Buehler 2012). A fully developed understanding of the atomistic structure may lead to a better understanding of the mechanical and physical properties of keratin, allowing for specific and tunable applications.
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