4 تطبيقات للبروتين الكيراتين<br>Keratin biomass is hydrolyzed by alkali, acid, or enzyme to extract keratin. The extracted keratin has various applications in various industries such as cosmetic,biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, it does not have harmful effects and thus can be used for variety of cosmetics such as creams, shampoos, hair conditioners, and biomedical products. They have been used as a treatment of skin and human hair as reported before (Weigmann et al. 1990; Innoe 1992). Its existence in the hair cuticle and stratum corneum helps in preserving skin moisture while interacting with cosmetics. Its combination with other natural polymers such as chitosan, collagen, and silk fibroin was used as a component for cosmetic products (Sionkowska 2015). Keratin with high molecular weight is mostly used for skin care applications due to its individuality like film forming and hydrophilic. Keratin film or coating on skin provides smooth and soft sensation. Keratin-associated proteins from different sources were developed and applied as microscaffolds in medicine and cosmetics (Lipkowski et al. 2009). Proteins are useful ingredients for healthy skin and hair. There are studies which reported the role and efficacy of using protein in cosmetics; proteins can be obtained from simple and conjugated proteins (Secchi 2008). There are also studies which described the keratin derivatives and cationizing agent in the various cosmetics having specific functional groups (Matsunaga et al. 1983). Figure 2 shows the hair treatment cream formed using keratin extracted<br>من ريش الدجاج. وتناقش التطبيقات الأخرى من الكتل الحيوية المختلفة في الجدول 3
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